Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome: A Common Condition That Affects the Kidneys

What is Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome in Children? 

Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome is a kidney disorder in which the red blood cells are destroyed, causing a blockage in the kidney’s filtering system and leading to kidney failure.

The red blood cells contain an iron-rich protein called hemoglobin which carries oxygen to all body parts. The damaged red blood cells clog the kidneys, which disrupts the filtering process of blood in the kidneys causing temporary or permanent kidney damage. 

Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome is one of the most common causes of acute kidney problems in children. 

Signs and Symptoms of Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome

Symptoms are different in each child, but the most common symptoms include-

· Stomach Pain

· Bloody or Watery Diarrhea

· Vomiting

· Fever and Chills

Seek medical help immediately if your child experiences- 

• Small bruises in the lining of the mouth
• Pale skin
• Dehydration
• Decreased urine output
• High blood pressure
• Swelling of parts of the body 

Causes of Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome

The most common cause of Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome in children is bacterial infection (E. coli) of the digestive system. These bacteria produce toxins that can enter the bloodstream and destroy the red blood cells. 

These bacteria can be found in-

· Undercooked meat

· Contaminated food (dairy products, fruits, vegetables, milk, etc.)

· Contaminated water

Less common causes include-

· Taking certain medications (chemotherapy drugs)

· Other viral or bacterial infections

· Inherited genes 

· Weakened immune system

Diagnosing Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome

The doctor will ask you about the child’s symptoms, health history, travel history, and physical examination.

• Blood tests (to check blood cell counts, electrolytes, and kidney function)
• Urine tests (to check for any blood and protein in the urine)
• Stool test (to check for blood and infection from bacteria such as E. coli)
• Kidney biopsy (rare cases)

Treatment Options for Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome

Specific treatment options help support your child suffering from Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome. In severe cases, your child may need close monitoring in an intensive care unit.

Treatment options include-

· IV (intravenous) fluids and electrolytes to treat dehydration

• Blood transfusions in case of severely low red blood cell count (anemia)
• Nutrition given by IV (intravenous) to treat severe digestive problems
• Dialysis in severe cases
• Medications to treat infection and high blood pressure

Preventing Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome

Help your child prevent Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome by

· Avoiding contaminated food and dairy products

· Maintaining proper hygiene

· Avoiding uncooked meat

· Washing hands before eating

· Avoiding unclean swimming pools

Diet and Nutrition for Children with Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome 

Children with Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome may require IV (intravenous) nutrition and supplements to help prevent dehydration.

Some children may require a low-salt diet plan to help prevent body swelling and high blood pressure.

Doctors encourage children with Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome to eat hygienic food when hungry. 

Most children will completely recover without permanent kidney damage and can return to their regular diet and activities.