Around 5 out of 6 children will have at least 1 ear infection by the time they are 3 years old.
An ear infection is an inflammation of the middle ear due to the fluid build-up behind the eardrum. Ear infections are mostly caused by bacteria or viruses and often begin after a sore throat, cold, or other upper respiratory tract infections.
Types of ear infections:
Each has a different combination of symptoms.
Acute otitis media (AOM)
AOM is common in children, this type of infection is characterized by an infected and swollen middle ear and fluid trapped behind the eardrum. Symptoms usually include pain in the ear associated with a fever.
Otitis media with effusion (OME)
OME is usually noticed in children after a prolonged ear infection where fluid remains trapped behind the eardrum. No symptoms are noticed with this type of ear infection, but a doctor will be able to see the fluid behind the eardrum on examination.
Chronic otitis media with effusion (COME)
COME is caused when fluid remains in the middle ear for a long time or repeatedly returns without any signs of infection. Chronic ear infections make it harder for children to fight new infections and may lead to hearing loss.
Why are children are at higher risk of ear infections than adults?
- Eustachian tubes are smaller in children.
The eustachian tube is a small passageway that connects the throat’s upper part to the middle ear. Smaller eustachian tubes make it difficult for fluid to drain out of the ear, even under normal conditions.
Cold and respiratory illnesses can cause the eustachian tubes to swell or block mucus, making it harder for the fluid to drain.
- Children have weak immune systems.Â
A child’s immune system is weak and not well developed as that of an adult to fight off infections.
How can I tell if my child has an ear infection?
A few things to look for in ear infections in young children:
- Tugging or pulling at the ear(s)
- Fussiness and crying
- Trouble sleeping
- Fever (especially in infants and younger children)
- Fluid draining from the ear
- Clumsiness or problems with balance
- Trouble hearing or responding to quiet sounds
Consult your doctor immediately if you notice any of the above signs and symptoms in your child.